Hosea 12:10

12:10 I spoke to the prophets;

I myself revealed many visions; ¹ 

I spoke in parables ²  through ³  the prophets.”

Hosea 12:13

12:13 The Lord brought Israel out of Egypt by a prophet,

and due to a prophet ⁴  Israel ⁵  was preserved alive. ⁶ 

[12:10]  ¹ tn Heb “I myself multiplied vision[s]”; cf. NASB “I gave numerous visions.”

[12:10]  ² tn There is debate whether אֲדַמֶּה (’adammeh, Piel imperfect 1st person common singular) is derived from I דָמָה (damah, “similitude, parable”) or II דָמָה (“oracle of doom”). The lexicons favor the former (BDB 198 s.v. I דָּמָה 1; HALOT 225-26 s.v. I דמה). Most translators favor “parables” (cf. KJV, RSV, NASB, NIV, NJPS), but a few opt for “oracles of doom” (cf. NRSV, TEV, CEV).

[12:10]  ³ tn Heb “by the hand of”; KJV, ASV “by the ministry of.”

[12:13]  ⁴ tn Heb “by a prophet” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[12:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “he”; the referent (Israel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[12:13]  ⁶ tn Heb “was protected”; NASB “was kept.” The verb שָׁמַר (shamar, “to watch, guard, keep, protect”) is repeated in 12:13-14 HT (12:12-13 ET). This repetition creates parallels between Jacob’s sojourn in Aram and Israel’s sojourn in the wilderness. Jacob “tended = kept” (שָׁמַר) sheep in Aram, and Israel was “preserved = kept” (נִשְׁמָר, nishmar) by Moses in the wilderness.